Solution

AGV and Robotics Battery Solutions

An AGV or mobile robot battery has to do more than meet a voltage and capacity target. Runtime, acceleration current, charging windows, battery-bay dimensions, communication with the vehicle controller and the operating schedule all affect the final pack design. HSS Energy develops project-based lithium battery systems for AGVs, AMRs and mobile robotic equipment, with electrical, mechanical and communication parameters confirmed against the application.

Application Focus

Battery Chemistry

Charging

Integration

AGV / AMR / mobile robotics

LiFePO4 reference platform

Manual / dock / opportunity charging by project

CAN / RS485 and project-defined interfaces

1. Start with the Vehicle, Not the Battery

Two AGVs using the same nominal voltage can require very different battery packs. A light warehouse AMR may operate at moderate current for long periods, while a transport AGV can have short high-current events during acceleration, lifting or slope operation. The battery therefore needs to be defined from the duty cycle.

Engineering Input

What It Determines

Vehicle operating voltage

Series configuration and charger voltage

Average load and operating hours

Required usable energy and runtime

Peak load and peak duration

BMS, cell, cable and connector current capability

Battery bay / mounting space

Enclosure size, terminal position and mechanical layout

Charging window

Charge current and charging strategy

Vehicle controller

Communication protocol and signal mapping

Operating environment

Temperature, enclosure and protection requirements

2. 24V-Class LiFePO4 Reference Configuration

The following configuration is based on the supplied HSS reference data. Parameters that are not fixed in the source material remain project-confirmed rather than being assigned generic values.

Parameter

HSS Reference Configuration / Project Confirmation

Market Voltage Class

24V-class

Nominal Voltage

25.6V

Configuration

8S LiFePO4

Capacity

60Ah

Nominal Energy

1.536kWh

Upper Charge Reference

29.2V (8 × 3.65V); final charger profile project-confirmed

Charge Method

CC-CV; manual / dock / opportunity charging by project

Continuous / Peak Current

Project-confirmed from AGV load and peak duration

Communication

CAN / RS485 project-selectable; mapping confirmed by project

Enclosure / Weight

Project-confirmed after battery-bay review

Connector / Pinout

Project-configured

3. Runtime and Power Sizing

Capacity alone does not define whether an AGV can complete a shift. Energy requirement should be estimated from the real operating cycle, including travel, idle time, acceleration, lifting or tooling loads and charging opportunities. Peak current should be checked separately from average energy consumption.

Sizing Question

Engineering Check

How long must the AGV operate between charges?

Estimate usable energy from the duty cycle rather than nominal capacity alone

What is the normal running current?

Check thermal load and continuous discharge requirement

What is the highest short-duration current?

Confirm cell, BMS, cable and connector capability

How long does the peak last?

Distinguish short acceleration peaks from sustained high load

Can the AGV charge during breaks?

Opportunity charging may reduce the required onboard energy

How much reserve is required?

Set SOC operating window according to route and charging reliability

4. Manual, Dock and Opportunity Charging

Charging strategy is part of the battery design. The supplied 24V-class reference supports a CC-CV charging approach, while the physical charging method is selected by project. Depending on the AGV system, charging can be manual, dock-based or arranged as opportunity charging during scheduled stops.

· Manual charging: suitable where vehicles can be taken out of service for a defined charging period.

· Dock charging: charging interfaces and control logic are matched to the docking arrangement.

· Opportunity charging: short charging periods can be incorporated into the operating schedule where the charger, battery and route strategy support it.

· Final charge current, connector/contact design and control signals must be confirmed with the charging equipment and vehicle controller.

5. BMS and Vehicle Communication

For AGV and robotics projects, the BMS is not only a protection device. It can also provide operating information to the vehicle controller. The supplied reference supports project-selectable CAN or RS485 communication, with protocol mapping confirmed for the project.

BMS / Interface Item

Project Role

Voltage, current and temperature monitoring

Battery operating status and protection input

Overcharge / over-discharge protection

Prevents operation outside configured battery limits

Over-current / short-circuit protection

Responds to abnormal electrical conditions

Temperature protection

Controls operation when temperature exceeds configured limits

SOC data

Supports remaining-energy indication and charging decisions where implemented

CAN / RS485

Vehicle/BMS communication according to the confirmed protocol

Protocol mapping

Signal definitions and communication behavior confirmed with the customer

6. Mechanical Integration

AGV batteries are frequently constrained by an existing battery bay. Enclosure dimensions, handle position, cable exit, connector location and service access should therefore be reviewed before the mechanical design is frozen. The supplied reference leaves enclosure, weight, connector and pinout open for project confirmation.

· Battery-bay dimensions and mounting points

· Metal or other project-appropriate enclosure construction

· Connector and cable selection according to current and vehicle interface

· Terminal / connector position and cable exit direction

· Display or status interface where required

· Service access, lifting and replacement requirements

· Project-specific label and identification

HSS Energy AGV battery units during batch electrical verification

7. Production and Functional Verification

For a custom AGV battery, production control has to confirm both pack consistency and the interfaces that matter to the vehicle. Verification is defined against the approved project specification rather than a single generic checklist.

· Battery voltage and electrical inspection

· BMS functional and protection checks

· Charge/discharge verification according to the approved configuration

· Communication check where CAN or RS485 is specified

· Connector, cable and pinout inspection

· Display/status check where fitted

· Mechanical and appearance inspection

· Project-specific final inspection before shipment

Final functional inspection of an HSS Energy AGV battery assembly

8. Typical AGV and Robotics Applications

Application

Battery Design Focus

Warehouse AGV

Runtime, route cycle, docking and vehicle communication

AMR

Compact integration, SOC information and frequent charge opportunities

Material-Handling Robot

Peak current during acceleration and payload movement

Autonomous Cart / Tugger

Long operating hours and repeatable charging schedule

Inspection Robot

Compact packaging and application-specific runtime

Service / Mobile Robot

Mechanical integration, low-voltage platform and communication needs

9. Project Development Workflow

Step

Stage

Output

1

Vehicle Data

Voltage, load, runtime, battery bay, charger and controller

2

Battery Proposal

Chemistry, series configuration, capacity and electrical architecture

3

Interface Confirmation

Connector, pinout, CAN/RS485 mapping and charging interface

4

Sample

Prototype pack built to the agreed configuration

5

Vehicle Test

Runtime, peak-load behavior, charging and communication checked on the target equipment

6

Confirmation

Specification and interfaces frozen after validation

7

Production

Batch production and project-specific inspection

10. Quick Selection Decision Tree

Question

If Yes / Required

Next Check

Existing AGV voltage platform?

Use the vehicle voltage as the starting point

Confirm charger and controller voltage range

Full-shift operation without charging?

Size for required usable runtime

Check average load and reserve SOC

Charging stops available?

Evaluate dock or opportunity charging

Confirm allowable charge current and contact/interface design

High acceleration / lift load?

Treat peak current separately

Confirm peak amplitude and duration

Vehicle communication required?

Select CAN or RS485 as applicable

Confirm protocol and signal mapping

Fixed battery bay?

Mechanical design follows available space

Confirm enclosure, connector and service access

11. Certification and Documentation

Certification and transport documentation are configuration-specific. Available documentation should be confirmed against the final battery model, destination market and customer requirement. HSS Energy can provide the applicable documentation package for the approved project where available.

Because AGV and robotics batteries are customized around the target equipment, certification scope should not be assumed to cover every voltage, capacity, enclosure or interface variant unless that exact configuration is included in the relevant certificate or report.

12. Information Required for an AGV / Robotics Battery Project

· AGV / AMR / robot type and application

· Nominal system voltage and allowable voltage range

· Average operating current or power

· Peak current and peak duration

· Required runtime between charges

· Daily operating hours / shift pattern

· Battery-bay dimensions and mounting constraints

· Existing battery details, if replacing a current pack

· Charging method and charger specification

· CAN / RS485 requirement and protocol documentation

· Connector, pinout and cable requirements

· Operating temperature and installation environment

· Target market, certification requirement and estimated quantity

13. Parameter and Specification Notice

The 25.6V 60Ah / 1.536kWh configuration shown on this page is an HSS reference configuration based on the supplied project data. It is not a universal AGV battery specification. Continuous current, peak current, enclosure, weight, connector, pinout, communication mapping and final charger profile remain project-confirmed.

Final battery voltage range, capacity, current limits, BMS settings, communication protocol, mechanical structure, connector system, charging parameters and documentation are subject to the approved project datasheet, technical agreement, sample confirmation, PI or contract. Where website information differs from an approved project document, the approved project document shall prevail.

Tell Us About Your AGV or Robot

Send the vehicle voltage, load data, required runtime, peak current, battery-bay dimensions, charging method and communication requirement. HSS Energy can use these inputs to define the battery architecture and the interfaces that need to be validated on the target equipment.



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